The Vector vs. Raster File Difference (And Why It Matters to Merch)
Published by: Siobhan Ingram
Date: 05-01-2025
If you've ever sent a logo to be printed onto a tee and gotten "we need a vector file" in response, you're not alone. It's geektastic-sounding, but understanding the difference between vector and raster files will save you time, money, and an unbelievable amount of back-and-forth when creating custom merch.
Break it down with us—no design degree required.
What is a Raster File?
Raster files are made up of pixels, like little squares that are grouped together to form an image. They're like digital mosaics. JPEG, PNG, and GIF are common raster file formats. They're great for web graphics and photos—but not so great for resizing.
The big drawback? When you try to expand a raster file (e.g., making a small logo larger for a big print on a hoodie), it becomes blurry or pixelated. No no to clear, professional-quality products.
What is a Vector File?
Vector graphics are built with mathematical lines, not pixels. That is, they can be scaled to any size—from a tiny chest logo to a billboard—without blurring. Well-known vector file formats are AI (Adobe Illustrator), EPS, SVG, and sometimes PDF (if it was created in a vector program).
For products, vectors are as valuable as gold. They give printers clean lines, sharp shapes, and the capacity to be resized, recolored, and relocated without losing quality.
Why It's So Critical for Merch
When you print or embroider a design, especially for clothing, you would not want your logo or picture look mushy and unprofessional. Vector files ensure your graphics will transfer nicely to screen printing, embroidery, engraving, and more.
Raster files can potentially get it done in some cases—like for direct-to-garment (DTG) printing or photo-based artwork—but they need to be high resolution, typically 300 DPI or more. And even that's not adequate for all projects.
Quick Tip: Not All PDFs Are Created Equal
Just because a file is a.pdf doesn't necessarily mean it's a vector. If it was exported out of Photoshop or Canva, it probably remains a raster. If you don't know, a designer or print shop will be able to double-check for you.
Short version: When investing in custom merch, starting with the right file type is a game-changer. Vector = flexibility, sharpness, and a better final product. T-shirt, hat, water bottle, or banner—clean files mean your brand looks its best—every time.